Type 2 Diabetes (Uncontrolled with Obesity)

• HbA1c results over the past year, plus fasting glucose and a list of every diabetes medicine and insulin dose.
• Kidney tests (creatinine, eGFR, urine albumin), lipids and liver function tests.
• An eye examination for diabetic retinopathy, and a foot examination, because complications influence surgical planning.
• C-peptide or antibody results if there is doubt about your diabetes type, and a record of how long you have had diabetes.
• Height, weight and BMI history, a heart assessment and records of diet or weight-loss programmes tried.

1. Am I likely to achieve remission, and what predicts it for me?
2. Which operation works best for diabetes in my case?
3. How soon after surgery will my medicines change?
4. What are the risks, including low blood sugar and nutritional deficiency?
5. How will you monitor my eyes, kidneys and heart afterwards?
6. What happens if my diabetes returns after surgery?

Metabolic surgery produces remission of type 2 diabetes in a large share of patients, especially those with a shorter duration of diabetes, less need for insulin and good remaining insulin production. Even without remission, blood sugar, weight and cardiovascular risk improve markedly. Some people see diabetes return over the years. Lifelong monitoring, vitamin supplements and healthy habits remain essential, and existing complications may not reverse.